Manaʻo e like me ʻoe - fiberglass!

I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1920, i ka wā o ke kaumaha nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻopuka ke aupuni i kahi kānāwai kupaianaha: pāpā. Ua mau ka pāpā ʻana no 14 mau makahiki, a ua pilikia nā mea hana hue waina i kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka hui ʻo Owens Illinois ka mea hana ʻeke aniani nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēlā manawa. Hiki iā ia ke nānā wale i ka pio ʻana o nā umu aniani. I kēia manawa, maʻalo kekahi kanaka hanohano, pepehi pāʻani, ma kahi o ka umu aniani a ʻike ʻo ia ua puhi ʻia kekahi aniani wai i kahe i ke ʻano fiber. ʻO nā pāʻani me he mea lā ua paʻi ʻia ʻo Newton ma ke poʻo e ka ʻāpala, akīʻaha anianiaia ma ke kahua o ka mōʻaukala mai ia manawa.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, a ua liʻiliʻi nā mea hana maʻamau. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono o ka mākaukau kaua kaua, ua lilo ke aniani aniani i mea pani.
Uaʻike mālie nā kānaka he nui nā mea maikaʻi o kēia mea'ōpiopio - ke kaumaha māmā, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻoulu maikaʻi, ka mālamaʻana i ka wela a me ka wela wela. No laila, hoʻohana nā pahu, nā mokulele, nā mea kaua, nā ʻaʻahu pale pōkā a pēlā aku.
puluni anianihe mea anoano houmea metala ʻole, i hana ʻia mai nā minela kūlohelohe e like me kaolin, pyrophyllite, quartz sand a me ka limestone ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kaha kiʻi uea a me ka wili ʻana e like me kekahi ʻano. Aia kona anawaena monofilament ma waena o kekahi mau microns a ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 microns, ua like ia me 1 / 20-1 / 5 o kahi filament lauoho. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o ka fiber precursor i nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani monofilament.

Ua ala aʻe ka ʻoihana aniani aniani o Kina i ka makahiki 1958. Ma hope o 60 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea nui i lawelawe i ka pale aupuni a me ka ʻoihana koa, a laila huli i ka hoʻohana kīwila, a loaʻa i ka ulu wikiwiki.